An Overview Of Parkinson Disease - 1450 Words

An Overview of Parkinson Disease Parkinson disease (PD) is a condition consisting of many unanswered questions. What causes it? Is it a genetic disorder? How will an individual know if they will be diagnosed with it in their lifetime? The list of enquiries one might present is endless. However, before even attempting to answer any questions, it is essential to understand the disease as a whole. In order to do so, grasping basic background information as well as data on PD is necessary. Following that, discussing material regarding the science behind the disease will provide a deeper understanding when examining the subsequent etiologies, signs, and symptoms. From a historical perspective, PD was first described in 1817 by James†¦show more content†¦In order to understand the possible etiology and the signs and symptoms, it is important to first recognize the science of PD and what happens neurologically. Nolden, Tartavoulle, and Porche (2014) explain that the brain structure s affected by the disease are known as the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia. The role of the basal ganglia is to provide control of fine motor movements. What happens with PD, is there is a loss of dopamine-producing neurons from the substantia nigra which causes a deficiency in dopamine levels. Without a sufficient amount of dopamine, there are not enough chemical messages being transmitted to initiate, control, and balance movement of the target muscles. It is worth noting though, that dopamine levels decrease naturally as one ages, so symptoms could become more aggressive and prevalent the older an individual gets. Fallon et al. (2015) explains that the dying cells contain Lewy bodies, defined as protein aggregates, which allow the disease to be identified. However, it is still undetermined what all factors cause the degeneration of those brain cells and PD as a whole. PD is a disease of mostly unknown etiology; however, there have been links to various factors from environ mental influences to genetics (Galifianakis Ghazinouri, 2014). First of all, it is necessary to mention that the suspected environmental factors are hard to come by for they are merely risk factors. Nonetheless, they are still important toShow MoreRelatedIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson Disease (PD)Read MoreA Red Shifted Variant Of Channelrhodopsin Allows Deep Transcranial Optogenetic Excitation770 Words   |  4 Pagesassist in providing background information regarding transcranial options for the use of chronic studies. Little, S., Brown, P. (2014) Focusing Brain Therapeutic Interventions in Space and Time for Parkinson’s disease. Current Biology 24, 898-909. A good understanding of what Parkinson’s disease is, and what brain mechanism are involved is crucial to try to create a treatment. Three different approaches to create high spatiotemporal targeting are presented, one of them being optogenetics. However, byRead MoreAnalysis Of Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )725 Words   |  3 Pages Introduction Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second world s major neurological disease (Laut Breteler, 2006) affecting 6 million people globally (Schapira, 1999). PD is a progressive and long term disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) activity with the following traits including bradykinesia, rigorousness, involuntary muscular contraction and unstable postural alignment (O Sullivan Schmitz, 2007). Basal ganglia are located in the CNS have large nerve fibers and neurotransmittersRead MoreParkinson s Disease : Disease1737 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s Disease INTRODUCTION Wong, Gilmour and Ramage-Morin (2014) states that Parkinson’s disease comes second on the list of most common degenerative disorder of the nervous system. Dopamine, a substance synthesized in the body, is responsible for the normal movements of the body (Wong, Gilmour and Ramage-Morin, 2014). In Parkinson’s disease, the cells responsible for synthesizing Dopamine are damaged and incapacitated to form it (Wong, GilmourRead MoreEffects of Caffeine on the Body869 Words   |  3 Pagesthat caffeine is most commonly used to improve mental alertness. Caffeine can be used by mouth or rectally or in combinations with pain killers, for simple headaches and after epidural anesthesia. Some people use caffeine for asthma, gallbladder disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, shortness of breath in newborns and decrease in blood pressure. Caffeine is also used for weight loss and type two diabetes. Taking caffeine within limits is allowed by the National Collegiate Associa tionRead MoreThe Cause of Parkinsons Disease Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a â€Å"neurodegenerative disorder of the basal nuclei due to insufficient secretion of the neurotransmitter dopamine† (Marieb Hoehn, 2013, p. G-17). The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but many factors play a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease. One factor that has been found in an individual who has Parkinson’s disease causes over activity of targeted dopamine-deprived basal nuclei. This over activity is caused by the breakdown of neuronsRead MoreBanning Cigarettes : Symbolic Inhalation Of Death1406 Words   |  6 Pagesbrings to non-smokers, the disease increase,and death increase. With every cigarette we choose to light up, inhale we decide to trade a piece of our lives for a couple minutes of delight, on average 11 to 12 yrs of our life is taken from us. Each day more than 3,900 people under 18 smoke their smoke cigarette, and approximately 2,100 youth and young adults become daily smokers about 30% of teen smokers will continue smoking and die early from a smoking-related disease. Teen smokers are more likelyRead MorePneumonia: the Silent Killer895 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: PNEUMONIA: THE SILENT KILLER Exploring Pneumonia: A Silent Killer Abstract This paper explores Pneumonia and the respiratory disease process associated with bacterial and viral pathogens most commonly located in the lung. The paper examines the process, symptoms and treatments most commonly viewed in patient cases of Pneumonia. My goal is to educate the reader and to warn of the Exploring Pneumonia: A Silent Killer Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. ManyRead MorePsychology : The Field Of Psychology980 Words   |  4 Pagesin Emotion: Function, Overview, 2016). The amygdala is responsible for emotions and perceiving fear, rage and emotional memories. The amygdala acts a lot like a processing center in the brain, it receives messages from senses as well internal organs. The main emotion associated with amygdala is fear. Associated with fear is the fight or flight reaction which comes from an internal reaction that is sent to the amygdala (Robson, Amygdala s Role in Emotion: Function, Overview, 2016). Experiments haveRead MorePotential Therapeutic Treatment Options For Psychiatric Disorders1442 Words   |  6 PagesDelta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) as potential therapeutic treatment options for psychiatric disorders. It contains an overview of studies and trials which used CBD and Δ9-THC to treat memory disorders, Schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression, as well as early informat ion CBD s neuroprotective properties as possible treatment for Parkinson s disease, Huntington’s disease, Neonatal Ischaemia/newborn hypoxic-ichaemic brain damage, and Multiple Sclerosis. Cannabinoids in the Brain: Potential

Breaking Their Hip By Karen Russell - 1162 Words

Breaking Their Hip: Using Structure to Help Tension in Your Story. Tension, like in life, makes a character s experience unbearable, interesting, and complex. It raises the emotional stakes and makes your reader invest in the text. Being able to create tension in short stories is an art within itself; because we have limited time and space, it s important to use your tools artfully to bring the most out of your short story. The Titanic Effect: Swamplandia! By Karen Russell (a novel, that came out of a short story) Context: Thirteen year old Ava Bigtree has grown up on her family-owned gator-wrestling amusement park, Swamplandia!, her entire life. Her mother, Hiola, is the star of the attractions: Diver and gator wrestler. When Hiola dies, Ava s family begins to unravel and the threat of losing their home becomes real. Chapter 1: The Beginning of the End. â€Å"The beginning of the End can feel a lot like the middle when you are living in it. When I was a kid I couldn t see any of these ridges. It was only after Swamplandia! s fall that time folding into a story with a beginning, middle, and an ending. If you re short on time, that would be the two-word version of our story: we fell.† Explanation: Russell strategically titles the first chapter and places this sentence within the first chapter. By setting up that the characters fall, Russell sets the stage to develop a moody and tense atmosphere where the reader wants to look away, but can t. Now twist that shit! KrakatauShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesinto many sub-genres intimately known to insiders but a mystery to those outside. Broad genres take in things such as indie-pop (famous bands here are Oasis, Blur, and The Strokes), punk (famous bands include The Sex Pistols and Green Day) and rap/hip hop (for example, Eminem and NWA). As well, there is country music (Johnny Cash and Emmy-Lou Harris are examples of long-term successful acts here). This seems clear but confusion comes when one tries to work out how ‘grunge’ is really different fromRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxiii Kelly Ottman, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee Cynthia Ozeki, California State University, Dominguez Hills Peg Padgett, Butler University Jennifer Palthe, Western Michigan University Dennis Passovoy, University of Texas at Austin Karen Paul, Florida International University Laura Finnerty Paul, Skidmore College Anette Pendergrass, Arkansas State University at Mountain Home Bryan Pesta, Cleveland State University Jeff Peterson, University of Washington Nanette Philibert, Missouri

Thermal Conductivity Of Soil And Rock Classification Manual

Thermal conductivity of soil is defined as the amount of heat passing in unit time through a unit cross-sectional area of soil under a unit temperature gradient in the direction of heat flow. It is measured in watt per meter per kelvin (W/mk) or also in British thermal unit per foot hour per Fahrenheit (BTU/ft.hr. °F). Knowing thermal conductivity of ground is very important for many geotechnical works. During construction of foundation in permafrost ground, to design underground power line design, for stabilizing ground by freezing, and for utilizing geothermal energy by geothermal heat system we require knowledge of ground thermal conductivity. Thermal properties of ground are difficult to measure exactly. Here estimation of thermal conductivity (k) by different approach is summarized. There are various methods for measuring this parameter including empirical formulas, laboratory tests, and in-situ tests. Empirical Formula and Soil Classification Soil and rock classification manual (Salomone et al. 1989) published by international ground source heat pump association categorizes soil/rock into different groups and typical values to each group are given. Also, many empirical formulas based on the soil properties (water content, saturation, porosity) are available for the estimation of k with the accuracy of  ±25% in Farouki (1986). Lab Experiments: Guarded Hot Plate (GHP) Test: Guarded hot plate (GHP) test apparatus and test procedure (single and double sided) areShow MoreRelatedBuilding Construction8401 Words   |  34 Pagesconstruction †¢ Configuration – refers to a buildings general shape or layout †¢ Access exposures – Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the intensity of thermal radiation is a function of the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the thermal radiation source. Every time the distance from a heat source is doubled, the thermal radiation level is reduced 4 times. Chapter 2: Design Principles â€Å"Form follows function†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦The building’s design must facilitate its end use. AestheticsRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagesbiomolecules of life 72-76 Unit 4 Energy in the Community Electricity 77-78 Heat 78-81 Light 82-91 Sound 92 Simple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesupdating the Test Bank and Online Quizzes; Charlie Cook, University of West Alabama for revising the PowerPoint slides; Oliver F. Lehmann for providing access to PMBOK study questions; and Mink for accuracy checking the text and Instructor’s Resource Manual content. Next, it is important to note that the text includes contributions from numerous students, colleagues, friends, and managers gleaned from professional conversations. We want them to know we sincerely appreciate their counsel and suggestions

How music affects teenagers free essay sample

Music has been affecting people since the beginning of time. Studies show, however, that music is more influential than any other entertainment media. For a range of reasons, such as mood changes, drug/alcohol use, and violence/behavior, science shows that music has the most influences on teens more than adults. In this paper, I will look into each of these reasons. Perhaps the most significant affect music has on teens is mood changes. Music affects moods in so many different ways. For example, if you are sad, some people can hear a song, that is happy and it makes them want to dance and their mood changes drastically, within the blink of an eye. Other times, music can have the opposite effect. Someone can be happy, hear a song, then they can be devastated because the song brought to surface tragic or hysteric memories. Good music has direct access to the emotions. It is a great tool for tweaking our moods. Research has shown that, through music, mood can be altered and manipulated and powerful emotions can take place. New York Times journalist Tara Parker Pope states, â€Å"Unlike visual media, music is a powerful social force that also taps into an individual’s personal identity, memories and mood. † Music is a huge part of teen’s daily lives these days, it is not something easily averted. They are definitely going to partake in it. Oxford journalist Oliver Sacks writes that â€Å"We turn to music; we need it, because of its ability to move us, to induce feelings and mood, state of mind. † As said by Oliver Sacks, music affects everything from moods to mind. Artists are becoming less concerned with the influence they have on young adults, considering the amount of drug/alcohol references they put into their songs. Obviously, songs that implicate drug/alcohol use sell the best. Tara Parker-Pope states that: Researchers from Pittsburgh School of Medicine, studied the 279 most popular songs from 2005, based on reports from Billboard Magazine, which tracks popular music. Whether a song contained a reference to drugs or alcohol varied by genre. Only 9 percent of pop songs had lyrics relating to drugs or alcohol. The number jumped to 14 percent for rock songs, 20 percent for RB and hip-hop songs, 36 percent for country songs and 77 percent for rap songs. Unmistakably, rap has the upper hand and considering most well-known artists are of the rap game, teens tend to listen to them more. â€Å"One of the most dramatic effects of music’s is the induction of trance states, which have been described by ethnomusicologists in nearly every culture† said Oxford journalist Oliver Sacks. Teens seem like they will do anything to show their affection for the artist, such as doing drugs or drinking alcohol. They believe it is going to make them popular if they do the things these songs and artists are talking about. Artists in the music industry need to take advantage of how popular they and their songs are, and start putting out positive messages. Instead, they take advantage of what sells the best or what song gets the most hits and likes. Do they not understand what their lyrics are doing to the adolescent? Their songs make the use of drugs and alcohols seem cool, fun and hip. When, in reality, it is killing our population. Ideally, we think that music does not promote violence and behavioral problems for teenagers. Every day, there is a kid out there that is affected by music. â€Å"The influence of music on society can be clearly seen from modern history. Music helped Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence. When he could not figure out the right wording for a certain part, he would play his violin to help him. The music helped him get the words from his brain onto the paper,† (1) aid Lawrence O’Donnell, journalist for Brain and Mind online newspaper. Not all music has negative effects, as you can see. â€Å"Through auditory means individuals are influenced by sounds or multitudes of sounds which make up music which then may affect the body, the mind, communication, mood, and social aspects of life† states Amber Johnson journalist for California State University, Northridge (1). Music can hypnotize the mind and make teen’s think they are someone or something totally different than what they are. It latches on to their brain and transforms them into this person they never dreamt of being; doing things they never knew they were capable of. All types of music deliver practically the same message, just in different forms. The only reason teens misbehave is that they feel as if they have to. Doing as the song or artist says gives teens a since of hope, that maybe one day they can be like the artist. Teenagers are adolescents, it is hard enough for parents to control their children, adding songs into the mix that talk about violence makes teenagers want to misbehave, and do crazy things. â€Å"In the seventies, for example, one of Bob Marley’s most famous and listened to songs, ‘I shot the sheriff’, was very popular and did not provoke such violence. On the other hand, the lyrics of Ice T’s ‘Cop killer’ in the summer of 1992 evoked a loud outcry and most heated debate,† said Amal Saleeby writer for NDU, Louaize. Decades of research have demonstrated that exposure to violence in music can cause increases in aggression and behavioral issues. â€Å"Studies have long shown that media messages have pronounced impact on childhood risk behaviors,† says New York Times journalist, Tara Parker-Pope. In conclusion, mood changes, drug/alcohol use, and the increase in violence/behavioral issues, in teen’s lives, are clearly affected by music. â€Å"Our auditory systems, our nervous systems, are tuned for music† says Oxford Journalist Oliver Sacks. Regardless of your religion, background or ethnicity, music is everywhere and everyone is under the influence of it.