Thermal Conductivity Of Soil And Rock Classification Manual

Thermal conductivity of soil is defined as the amount of heat passing in unit time through a unit cross-sectional area of soil under a unit temperature gradient in the direction of heat flow. It is measured in watt per meter per kelvin (W/mk) or also in British thermal unit per foot hour per Fahrenheit (BTU/ft.hr. °F). Knowing thermal conductivity of ground is very important for many geotechnical works. During construction of foundation in permafrost ground, to design underground power line design, for stabilizing ground by freezing, and for utilizing geothermal energy by geothermal heat system we require knowledge of ground thermal conductivity. Thermal properties of ground are difficult to measure exactly. Here estimation of thermal conductivity (k) by different approach is summarized. There are various methods for measuring this parameter including empirical formulas, laboratory tests, and in-situ tests. Empirical Formula and Soil Classification Soil and rock classification manual (Salomone et al. 1989) published by international ground source heat pump association categorizes soil/rock into different groups and typical values to each group are given. Also, many empirical formulas based on the soil properties (water content, saturation, porosity) are available for the estimation of k with the accuracy of  ±25% in Farouki (1986). Lab Experiments: Guarded Hot Plate (GHP) Test: Guarded hot plate (GHP) test apparatus and test procedure (single and double sided) areShow MoreRelatedBuilding Construction8401 Words   |  34 Pagesconstruction †¢ Configuration – refers to a buildings general shape or layout †¢ Access exposures – Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the intensity of thermal radiation is a function of the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the thermal radiation source. Every time the distance from a heat source is doubled, the thermal radiation level is reduced 4 times. Chapter 2: Design Principles â€Å"Form follows function†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦The building’s design must facilitate its end use. AestheticsRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagesbiomolecules of life 72-76 Unit 4 Energy in the Community Electricity 77-78 Heat 78-81 Light 82-91 Sound 92 Simple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesupdating the Test Bank and Online Quizzes; Charlie Cook, University of West Alabama for revising the PowerPoint slides; Oliver F. Lehmann for providing access to PMBOK study questions; and Mink for accuracy checking the text and Instructor’s Resource Manual content. Next, it is important to note that the text includes contributions from numerous students, colleagues, friends, and managers gleaned from professional conversations. We want them to know we sincerely appreciate their counsel and suggestions

How music affects teenagers free essay sample

Music has been affecting people since the beginning of time. Studies show, however, that music is more influential than any other entertainment media. For a range of reasons, such as mood changes, drug/alcohol use, and violence/behavior, science shows that music has the most influences on teens more than adults. In this paper, I will look into each of these reasons. Perhaps the most significant affect music has on teens is mood changes. Music affects moods in so many different ways. For example, if you are sad, some people can hear a song, that is happy and it makes them want to dance and their mood changes drastically, within the blink of an eye. Other times, music can have the opposite effect. Someone can be happy, hear a song, then they can be devastated because the song brought to surface tragic or hysteric memories. Good music has direct access to the emotions. It is a great tool for tweaking our moods. Research has shown that, through music, mood can be altered and manipulated and powerful emotions can take place. New York Times journalist Tara Parker Pope states, â€Å"Unlike visual media, music is a powerful social force that also taps into an individual’s personal identity, memories and mood. † Music is a huge part of teen’s daily lives these days, it is not something easily averted. They are definitely going to partake in it. Oxford journalist Oliver Sacks writes that â€Å"We turn to music; we need it, because of its ability to move us, to induce feelings and mood, state of mind. † As said by Oliver Sacks, music affects everything from moods to mind. Artists are becoming less concerned with the influence they have on young adults, considering the amount of drug/alcohol references they put into their songs. Obviously, songs that implicate drug/alcohol use sell the best. Tara Parker-Pope states that: Researchers from Pittsburgh School of Medicine, studied the 279 most popular songs from 2005, based on reports from Billboard Magazine, which tracks popular music. Whether a song contained a reference to drugs or alcohol varied by genre. Only 9 percent of pop songs had lyrics relating to drugs or alcohol. The number jumped to 14 percent for rock songs, 20 percent for RB and hip-hop songs, 36 percent for country songs and 77 percent for rap songs. Unmistakably, rap has the upper hand and considering most well-known artists are of the rap game, teens tend to listen to them more. â€Å"One of the most dramatic effects of music’s is the induction of trance states, which have been described by ethnomusicologists in nearly every culture† said Oxford journalist Oliver Sacks. Teens seem like they will do anything to show their affection for the artist, such as doing drugs or drinking alcohol. They believe it is going to make them popular if they do the things these songs and artists are talking about. Artists in the music industry need to take advantage of how popular they and their songs are, and start putting out positive messages. Instead, they take advantage of what sells the best or what song gets the most hits and likes. Do they not understand what their lyrics are doing to the adolescent? Their songs make the use of drugs and alcohols seem cool, fun and hip. When, in reality, it is killing our population. Ideally, we think that music does not promote violence and behavioral problems for teenagers. Every day, there is a kid out there that is affected by music. â€Å"The influence of music on society can be clearly seen from modern history. Music helped Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence. When he could not figure out the right wording for a certain part, he would play his violin to help him. The music helped him get the words from his brain onto the paper,† (1) aid Lawrence O’Donnell, journalist for Brain and Mind online newspaper. Not all music has negative effects, as you can see. â€Å"Through auditory means individuals are influenced by sounds or multitudes of sounds which make up music which then may affect the body, the mind, communication, mood, and social aspects of life† states Amber Johnson journalist for California State University, Northridge (1). Music can hypnotize the mind and make teen’s think they are someone or something totally different than what they are. It latches on to their brain and transforms them into this person they never dreamt of being; doing things they never knew they were capable of. All types of music deliver practically the same message, just in different forms. The only reason teens misbehave is that they feel as if they have to. Doing as the song or artist says gives teens a since of hope, that maybe one day they can be like the artist. Teenagers are adolescents, it is hard enough for parents to control their children, adding songs into the mix that talk about violence makes teenagers want to misbehave, and do crazy things. â€Å"In the seventies, for example, one of Bob Marley’s most famous and listened to songs, ‘I shot the sheriff’, was very popular and did not provoke such violence. On the other hand, the lyrics of Ice T’s ‘Cop killer’ in the summer of 1992 evoked a loud outcry and most heated debate,† said Amal Saleeby writer for NDU, Louaize. Decades of research have demonstrated that exposure to violence in music can cause increases in aggression and behavioral issues. â€Å"Studies have long shown that media messages have pronounced impact on childhood risk behaviors,† says New York Times journalist, Tara Parker-Pope. In conclusion, mood changes, drug/alcohol use, and the increase in violence/behavioral issues, in teen’s lives, are clearly affected by music. â€Å"Our auditory systems, our nervous systems, are tuned for music† says Oxford Journalist Oliver Sacks. Regardless of your religion, background or ethnicity, music is everywhere and everyone is under the influence of it.

Patrick Henry Rhetoric Essay free essay sample

Sometimes no matter how much we are against it, war is necessary. This was the case in America in 1775. Virginian leaders met to discuss the direction our country was headed in. What were we going to do about the conflict with the British? Who was treating us poorly? Some leaders continued peaceful means to resolve conflict. Patrick Henry thought differently. He wrote the famous â€Å"Speech of the Virginia Convention† to push for war. Because of how Patrick Henry used appeals and rhetorical devices, he was able to convince the other colonists to go to war with England. The first thing Henry does to persuade the colonists to go to war is to establish his credible representation was use ethos. One way he establishes his reputation is by talking about his past experience with the British. For example he states, â€Å"I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Patrick Henry Rhetoric Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been please to solace themselves and the House† (Henry n. p). Here he is using the rhetorical device of an analogy. He is comparing their history with Britain to walking with a lamp. A lamp shows us the way forward. The lamp he is talking about shows that the future with Britain will be atrocious. Henry says, â€Å"Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave† (Henry n. p). He says this to persuade the colonists that when they have a war then God will be with them. Henry builds his ethos by expressing a religious passion. He positioned himself like a Christian fighting for God. Later in the speech, Henry says, â€Å"Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitableand let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come† (Henry n. p). This says that there is no other path to take than to go to war. Patrick Henry appeals to the ethics of the colonists to persuade them that there is no other course other than war. The logos of Henrys speech uses solid facts to convince the people of Virginia that fighting or slavery are the only possible outcomes for them. He uses this as fear to persuade the people that fighting is the only way to keep their freedom. Are fleets and armies necessary to work a love and reconciliation? (Henry n. p). This question states that the fleets and armies are not there to make peace, but to try to shut down the colonies. The Convention can use this as a reasoning of their actions to fight not flight. In the context of Henrys speech, he shows that the war has already started and he is pushing the Virginia Convention to vote to take up arms against the British. Henry uses logos appeals again to show his description of America’s actions: We have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves(Henry n. p). This is to show the people that America is not the so called â€Å"bad guy† by listing the reasons for them to attempt to make peace. Henry also uses powerful words to emphasize that action must be taken quickly. The logos appeal to Henrys speech acts as the guide to his argument. Pathos is the emotion used by the author or speaker; it can be shown using exclamation points, question marks, and the tone the used. Patrick Henry famous statement â€Å"Give me liberty, or give me death! † (Henry n. p), uses pathos because there is an emotional connection with this phrase. This statement shows he is very passionate about this subject which makes his speech more persuasive. And claiming he would die for liberty shows he is devoted to fighting against the British. By Mr. Henry making this declaration in his speech we know, that this is extremely important to him and that there is nothing else he would give his all to fight for. Not only does his use of pathos show us his emotions but, during his speech in 1775, it would have had even more meaning and possibly had pushed more and more colonists to agree to go to war. Patrick Henry uses allusions to explain to his audience what is happening, as well as what the consequences were, and will be. Allusions play a crucial role in the speech of Patrick Henry, since they significantly showed his credibility and caused him to gain support from the delegates of Virginia. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss (Henry n. p), refers to the bible when Judus betrayed Jesus by giving him away with a kiss. Patrick Henry uses this biblical allusion to refer to Jesus as the colonists doing everything possible to restore peace, while he uses Judus as the allusion for the British trying to take away our freedom. In 1775, a group of people at the Virginia Convention listened to Patrick Henry speak on British rule and American lack of freedom. Some of these people agreed with Henry while others did not. In his speech to the Virginia Convention, Patrick Henry attempts to motivate his audience to take up arms and fight for their freedom by presenting the situation at hand and reminding the leaders that their previous efforts at attaining peace were ineffective. Because of how Patrick Henry used appeals and rhetorical devices, he was able to convince the other colonists to go to war with England.

Free Essays on Education Or Certification

EDUCATION OR CERTIFICATION? Hands-on experience. Without it, your chances for obtaining any worthwhile technology position are bound to be rather slim, even with a degree! For decades Universities have been the default location for higher learning. At the same time, the increasing demand and use of technology has created a need for the specialized training and courses that aren’t found at traditional universities, but through certification or technical schools. College does a great job of exposing you to different aspects of the Information Technology (IT) field, but no real specialized instruction. On the other hand, certification focuses on specific skills but doesn’t leave much room for a variety of career choices due to a limited knowledge base. The purpose of colleges of technology (certification schools) is to conduct in-depth learning in specialized disciplines and to develop student's abilities necessary for employment. Colleges of technology, unlike universities or junior colleges, admit the graduates of lower secondary schools. The purpose of universities, as the centers of advanced learning, is to provide students with wide-ranging knowledge and to conduct in-depth teaching and research in specialized academic disciplines. The term of study is usually four years. Upon completion, graduates are awarded a bachelors degree. Due to the effects of the economy and the expanding IT field, many companies are demanding a little more than just a degree. So which better prepares students for the world of work; Universities or Tech Schools? To answer that question we first need to know what information technology is composed of. Information Technology is the field of careers that deals with the accumulation, storage, management, and retrieval of data. Beyond that, it also involves the development of the hardware and software that handle this massive data accumulation and storage. As you see, it can be subdivided into... Free Essays on Education Or Certification Free Essays on Education Or Certification EDUCATION OR CERTIFICATION? Hands-on experience. Without it, your chances for obtaining any worthwhile technology position are bound to be rather slim, even with a degree! For decades Universities have been the default location for higher learning. At the same time, the increasing demand and use of technology has created a need for the specialized training and courses that aren’t found at traditional universities, but through certification or technical schools. College does a great job of exposing you to different aspects of the Information Technology (IT) field, but no real specialized instruction. On the other hand, certification focuses on specific skills but doesn’t leave much room for a variety of career choices due to a limited knowledge base. The purpose of colleges of technology (certification schools) is to conduct in-depth learning in specialized disciplines and to develop student's abilities necessary for employment. Colleges of technology, unlike universities or junior colleges, admit the graduates of lower secondary schools. The purpose of universities, as the centers of advanced learning, is to provide students with wide-ranging knowledge and to conduct in-depth teaching and research in specialized academic disciplines. The term of study is usually four years. Upon completion, graduates are awarded a bachelors degree. Due to the effects of the economy and the expanding IT field, many companies are demanding a little more than just a degree. So which better prepares students for the world of work; Universities or Tech Schools? To answer that question we first need to know what information technology is composed of. Information Technology is the field of careers that deals with the accumulation, storage, management, and retrieval of data. Beyond that, it also involves the development of the hardware and software that handle this massive data accumulation and storage. As you see, it can be subdivided into...

International Politics - advising John Deere on recent drought in Essay

International Politics - advising John Deere on recent drought in Brazil - Essay Example cy response to drought, the Brazilian government highly prioritizes the availability and distribution of clean drinking water to save the lives of the people living in affected communities more than the need to supply water for agricultural activities (Osava). As an end result, the profitability of the businesses related to agricultural products suffers most. A large number of agricultural farmers in Brazil purchase their agricultural equipments from the world’s biggest manufacturer of farming machineries known as Deere & Company. (John Deere) As part of Deere’s marketing strategy, the company extends a credit loan to as much as 17 countries worldwide including the medium- and large-scale agricultural businesses in Brazil (John Deere Credit). Since majority of the agricultural business in Brazil are seriously experiencing financial difficulty to pay their credit loan to John Deere Credit, several marketing and non-marketing strategy will be provided in order to prevent the negative financial impact of the phenomena in Brazil over the business performance of John Deere. Drought can exist in any country temporarily. Considering the demand for corn and soybean will always be present, it is highly expected that the business performance of agricultural companies in Brazil will normalize as soon as the period of drought ends. In times of a global natural phenomenon such as the existence of drought, it is advisable on the part of John Deere Credit management to extend the loan payment to affected agricultural companies in Brazil. This can be done by extending the number of payment years depending on the length of forecasted drought period and the time frame wherein the Brazilian farmers will be able to plant and harvest crops including a grace period of at least one year to allow these businesses to recover from the financial loss caused by the uncontrollable environmental factor. Considering the proposed strategy, John Deere Credit could maintain a good business

Article Astronomers Measure Precise Distance to Controversial Star Essay

Article Astronomers Measure Precise Distance to Controversial Star Cluster - Essay Example The further the distance of the star, the smaller the size of the parallax. Astronomy is a social activity where astronomers discuss ideas and interpret data while at the same time arguing on what the observation mean. In the scientific method, they make use of both the inductive and the deductive reasoning to learn about astronomy. In inductive reasoning, they make use of observations and use the results to make generalizations about astronomy. These generalizations may lead into a new theory or elaborations on a theory. They may also make use of deductive reasoning where the existing theories are subjected to rational considerations to come up with logical theory consequences. The consequences could result into new theories and other predictions testable through various experiments. For instance, there are radio astronomers claiming that they have determined a distance of the Pleiades cluster of star from the earth. However, the results contradict that of European satellite aimed at measuring stellar distances. The European space agency launched a Hipparcos satellite to measure a parallax of 100000 stars (Croswell, 2014). Unfortunately, a certain booster failed to fire leaving a satellite in an elliptical orbit around the earth resulting into complicated data analysis. Despite this, Hipparcos scientists released the data indicating the Pleiades cluster was closer to the earth. This raised a controversy since the analysis of data had been distorted. However, scientists agreed on a new methodology to resolve the ongoing controversy. They had to launch the Gaia spacecraft which measures parallaxes of billion stars including multiple Pleiades. The scientists are optimistic that by the end of a decade, then individuals will have a sure proof of how far the cluster is from the earth. However, this could raise more controversies if its findings contradict what the astronomers think they know. Thus, astronomers use the scientific

Musical instrument Essay Example for Free

Musical instrument Essay Trumpet The trumpet or cornet is the smallest and highest member of the brass family. As with all brass instruments, the sound is produced by buzzing the lips into a mouthpiece. Clarinet The clarinet is a musical instrument of woodwind type. The name derives from adding the suffix -et (meaning little) to the Italian word clarino (meaning a type of trumpet), as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed. In jazz contexts, it has sometimes been informally referred to as the licorice stick.[1] French horn A wind instrument usually of the lip-reed class. Horns for signalling have been made from conch shells, wood, animal horns etc as well as metal. Horns capable of many notes usually consist of a conical brass tube in a curved, coiled or folded shape. This article is concerned with the European orchestral horn, or french horn. Cello The cello is a string instrument and a member of the violin family. It is a wonderful instrument for a child to learn at an early age. It is the most versatile of the string instruments The viola is similar in material and construction to the violin but is larger in size and more variable in its proportions. A full-size violas body is between one and four inches longer than the body of a full-size violin (i.e., between 15 and 18 inches (38 and 46 cm)), with an average length of about 16 inches (41 cm). Small violas made for children typically start at 12 inches (30 cm), which is equivalent to a half-size violin Violin The violin is the smallest member of the string family. Sound is produced by drawing the bow across one of the four strings or by plucking the string with a finger. Flugelhorn Flugelhorns have a short, wide mouthpiece; three or four valves; and a flared bell. They range in size from bass instruments with wider bores (the bore is the inside diameter of the tubing) to small soprano horns in f or e flat. Tuba tuba is the largest and lowest pitched brass instrument. Sound is produced by vibrating or buzzing the lips into a large cupped mouthpiece. It is one of the most recent additions to the modern symphony orchestra, first appearing in the mid-19th century, when it largely replaced the ophicleide. Trombone he trombone is a member of the brass family. As with all brass instruments, the sound is produced by buzzing the lips into a mouthpiece. A unique feature of the trombone is the slide. While other brass instrument change pitches by pressing valves to change the length of the air flow, the trombone player simply moves the slide in and out to the change the length of the instrument.